XPS or ESCA Surface Analysis
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Quantitative elemental composition of a surface as-received or freshly fractured
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Surface chemistry after chemical exposure to treat surface for bonding or other surface treatment
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Silane coupling agent coverage on surface for adhesive bonding
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Anti-reflective coating analysis by depth profiling of elements
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Study leaching of glass which may leach Na, Ca, K, or B among other elements
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Measure profile of chemically-hardened glass such as potassium substitution for sodium
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Identify cause of etch-attack of glass
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Measure surface contamination
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Evaluate glass microspheres, frits, and fibers for adhesive bonding by examining for alkali surface chemistry
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Distinguish E and S fiberglass
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Characterize the chemistry of silicates and silica gels, which can be complex
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Analyze cause of failure of adhesive bonding
Microscopy (Optical and SEM) Analysis
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Locate inclusions, such as graphitic inclusions, common in “high-purity” quartz materials
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Examine anti-reflective coatings for uniformity and imperfections, including reaction zones between sub-stoichiometric layers
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Examine etching effects
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Examine optical coupling interfaces for defects and contamination
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Cross-section analysis of optical couplers and glass encapsulated devices
Thermal Analysis
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TMA or Thermomechanical Analysis or Dilatometry:
- Measure thermal expansion
- Measure softening temperature under modest loads
- Measure the glass transition temperature
- Measure the melting temperature
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TGA or Thermogravimetry:
- Measure decomposition of silica gels and water weight loss
- Measure weight of fiberglass in FRP and PCB materials by oxidation of resin
- Measure weight of silica and aluminosilicate particle fill in plastics, adhesives, paint, and sealants
- Measure weight of organic coatings on optical fibers or fiberglass
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DSC or Differential Scanning Calorimetry:
- Measure melting temperature
- Measure reaction energy of glass or silicate particles with adhesive, resin, or other fill particles
FTIR or Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
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Identify organic coating on glass fibers
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Check organic coating uniformity on glass fibers
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Identify reflective organic films on glass window panes
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Examine adhesive bonds to rubber and elastomers
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